Rail fences—often called split-rail or worm fences—were common features of rural landscapes during the Civil War, especially in the South and border states. Made from stacked, interlocking wooden rails with no need for nails or posts, they zigzagged across fields and farmland.

Soldiers frequently dismantled them for firewood or used them to build makeshift breastworks and defensive positions. Because they stood several feet high and were sturdy, rail fences could slow troop movements, shape battlefield lines, and influence tactics. Their widespread presence meant they were both obstacles and valuable resources for armies on campaign.